Bitcoin processes about 7 transactions per second on its base layer, with confirmations taking 10 minutes to an hour. This makes BTC practical as digital gold but impractical for buying coffee. The Lightning Network is Bitcoin's Layer 2 scaling solution — enabling millions of transactions per second at near-zero cost.
How the Lightning Network Works
How the Lightning Network Works
The Lightning Network works by opening bidirectional payment channels between two parties. Both parties lock up some Bitcoin in a multi-signature address on the main chain, then can send unlimited payments back and forth through the channel — instantly and without broadcasting each transaction to the blockchain.
Only the opening and closing of a channel require on-chain transactions. Everything in between happens off-chain, making it practical for high-frequency micropayments.
- ✓Speed: near-instant settlement (milliseconds)
- ✓Cost: fractions of a satoshi per transaction
- ✓Capacity: up to 1 million TPS theoretical
- ✓No need to trust a third party — cryptographically secured
- ✓Network of channels allows payments across multiple hops
Lightning Network FAQs
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